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Chapters
What is Sphere?
Contents
What is Sphere?
1. The Handbook
Four foundation chapters and four technical chapters
The Minimum Standards promote a consistent approach
The structure of the standards
Working with the key indicators
Links with other standards
2. Using the standards in context
The standards apply throughout the programme cycle
Assessment and analysis
Strategy development and programme design
Implementation
Monitoring, evaluation, accountability and learning
Understanding vulnerabilities
and capacities
Data disaggregation
Children
Older people
Gender
Gender-based violence
Persons with disabilities
People living with and affected by HIV
LGBTQI people
Mental health and psychosocial support
Understanding the operational setting
Supporting national and local actors
Protracted crises
Urban settings
Communal settlements
Settings with domestic or international military forces
Environmental impact in humanitarian response
Appendix
Delivering assistance through markets
Market analysis as part of response analysis
Programming and markets
Checklists
Checklist for cash-based assistance
Programme design
Implementation
Monitoring, evaluation and learning
Checklist for supply chain management and logistics
Programme design
Implementation
Monitoring, evaluation and learning
References and further reading
The Humanitarian Charter
The Humanitarian Charter
Our beliefs
Our role
Common principles, rights and duties
Our commitment
Protection Principles
Contents
Protection Principles
Putting the Principles into practice
Protection activities
Protection Principle 1:
Enhance people’s safety, dignity and rights and avoid exposing them to further harm
This Principle includes:
Guidance notes
Protection Principle 2:
Ensure people’s access to impartial assistance, according to need and without discrimination
This Principle includes:
Guidance notes
Protection Principle 3:
Assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation
This Principle includes:
Guidance notes
Protection Principle 4:
Help people to claim their rights
This Principle includes:
Guidance notes
Appendix
Summary of Professional Standards for Protection Work
References and further reading
Further reading
Core Humanitarian Standard
Contents
One core standard with nine commitments
A unique structure
Commitment 1
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 2
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 3
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 4
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 5
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 6
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 7
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 8
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 9
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Appendix
Guiding questions for monitoring
key actions and organisational responsibilities
Commitment 1 Communities and people affected by crisis receive assistance appropriate to their needs.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 2 Communities and people affected by crisis have access to the humanitarian assistance they need at the right time.
Guiding questions for monitoring Key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 3 Communities and people affected by crisis are not negatively affected and are more prepared, resilient and less at-risk as a result of humanitarian action.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 4 Communities and people affected by crisis know their rights and entitlements, have access to information and participate in decisions that affect them.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 5 Communities and people affected by crisis have access to safe and responsive mechanisms to handle complaints.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 6 Communities and people affected by crisis receive coordinated, complementary assistance.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 7 Communities and people affected by crisis can expect delivery of improved assistance as organisations learn from experience and reflection.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 8 Communities and people affected by crisis receive the assistance they require from competent and well-managed staff and volunteers.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 9 Communities and people affected by crisis can expect that the organisations assisting them are managing resources effectively, efficiently and ethically.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
References and further reading
Further reading
Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion
Contents
Essential concepts in water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion
Everyone has the right to water and sanitation
Community engagement is crucial
WASH requires particular considerations in urban areas
A combination of approaches is needed
These Minimum Standards should not be applied in isolation
International law specifically protects the right to water and sanitation
Links to the Protection Principles and the Core Humanitarian Standard
1. Hygiene promotion
Hygiene promotion standard 1.1:
Hygiene promotion
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Hygiene promotion standard 1.2:
Identification, access to and use of hygiene items
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Hygiene promotion standard 1.3:
Menstrual hygiene management and incontinence
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2. Water supply
Water supply standard 2.1:
Access and water quantity
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Water supply standard 2.2:
Water quality
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
3. Excreta management
Excreta management standard 3.1:
Environment free from human excreta
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Excreta management standard 3.2:
Access to and use of toilets
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Excreta management standard 3.3:
Management and maintenance of excreta collection, transport, disposal and treatment
Key actions
Key indicator
Guidance notes
4. Vector control
Vector control standard 4.1:
Vector control at settlement level
Key actions
Key indicator
Guidance notes
Vector control standard 4.2:
Household and personal actions to control vectors
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
5. Solid waste management
Solid waste management standard 5.1:
Environment free from solid waste
Key actions
Key indicator
Guidance notes
Solid waste management standard 5.2:
Household and personal actions to safely manage solid waste
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance note
Solid waste management standard 5.3:
Solid waste management systems at community level
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
6. WASH in disease outbreaks and healthcare settings
Community-based outbreak response
Standard 6:
WASH in healthcare settings
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Appendix 1
Water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion initial needs assessment checklist
Appendix 2
The F diagram: faecal–oral transmission of diarrhoeal diseases
Appendix 3
Minimum water quantities: survival figures and quantifying water needs
Appendix 4
Minimum numbers of toilets: community, public places and institutions
Appendix 5
Water- and sanitation-related diseases
1. Environmental classification of water-related infections
2. Environmental classification of excreta-related infections
Appendix 6
Household water treatment and storage decision tree
References and further reading
Further reading
Food Security and Nutrition
Contents
Essential concepts in food security and nutrition
Everyone has the right to be free from hunger and to have adequate food
The causes of undernutrition are complex
Working in urban areas brings specific challenges
Some groups are particularly vulnerable to undernutrition
These Minimum Standards should not be applied in isolation
International law specifically protects the right to adequate food
Links to the Protection Principles and Core Humanitarian Standard
1. Food security and nutrition assessments
Food security and nutrition assessments standard 1.1:
Food security assessment
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Food security and nutrition assessments standard 1.2:
Nutrition assessment
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2. Management of malnutrition
Management of malnutrition standard 2.1:
Moderate acute malnutrition
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Management of malnutrition standard 2.2:
Severe acute malnutrition
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
3. Micronutrient deficiencies
Micronutrient deficiencies standard 3:
Micronutrient deficiencies
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
4. Infant and young child feeding
Infant and young child feeding standard 4.1:
Policy guidance and coordination
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Infant and young child feeding standard 4.2:
Multi-sectoral support to infant and young child feeding in emergencies
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
5. Food security
Food security standard 5:
General food security
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
6. Food assistance
Food assistance standard 6.1:
General nutrition requirements
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Food assistance standard 6.2:
Food quality, appropriateness and acceptability
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Food assistance standard 6.3:
Targeting, distribution and delivery
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Food assistance standard 6.4:
Food use
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
7. Livelihoods
Livelihoods standard 7.1:
Primary production
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Livelihoods standard 7.2:
Income and employment
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Appendix 1
Food security and livelihoods assessment checklist
Food security of livelihood groups
Food security before the crisis (baseline)
Food security during crises
Appendix 2
Seed security assessment checklist
Seed security before the crisis (baseline)
Seed security after a crisis
Assessing seed supply and demand: home stocks
Assessing seed supply and demand: local markets
Assessing seed supply and demand: formal sector
Appendix 3
Nutrition assessment checklist
Pre-emergency situation
The current risk of undernutrition
Appendix 4
Measuring acute malnutrition
Infants under six months
Children aged 6–59 months
Children aged 5–19 years
Adults (20–59 years)
Older people
Persons with disabilities
Appendix 5
Measures of the public health significance of micronutrient deficiencies
Appendix 6
Nutritional requirements
References and further reading
Further Reading
Shelter and Settlement
Contents
Essential concepts in shelter and settlement
Everyone has the right to adequate housing
Shelter and settlement responses aim to provide a safe living environment
Shelter and settlement responses in urban settings require specific expertise
Various post-crisis settlement scenarios need to be considered
These Minimum Standards should not be applied in isolation
International law specifically protects the right to adequate shelter
Links to the Protection Principles and Core Humanitarian Standard
1. Planning
Shelter and settlement standard 1:
Planning
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2. Location and settlement planning
Shelter and settlement standard 2:
Location and settlement planning
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
3. Living space
Shelter and settlement standard 3:
Living space
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
4. Household items
Shelter and settlement standard 4:
Household items
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
5. Technical assistance
Shelter and settlement standard 5:
Technical assistance
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
6. Security of tenure
Shelter and settlement standard 6:
Security of tenure
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
7. Environmental sustainability
Shelter and settlement standard 7:
Environmental sustainability
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Appendix 1
Shelter and settlement assessment checklist
Assessment and coordination
Demographics
Risks
Resources and constraints
Materials, design and construction
Household and livelihood activities
Essential services and communal facilities
Host population and environmental impact
Household item needs
Clothing and bedding
Cooking and eating, stoves and fuel
Tools and equipment
Appendix 2
Description of settlement scenarios
Appendix 3
Additional characteristics of settlement scenarios
Appendix 4
Assistance options
Appendix 5
Implementation options
Appendix 6
Potential assistance and implementation options connected to settlement scenarios
References and further reading
Further reading
Health
Contents
Essential concepts in health
Everyone has the right to timely and appropriate healthcare
The aim of healthcare in a crisis is to reduce excess morbidity and mortality
Support and develop existing health systems
Urban crises require a different approach to health responses
These Minimum Standards should not be applied in isolation
International law specifically protects the right to healthcare
Links to the Protection Principles and Core Humanitarian Standard
Special considerations to protect healthcare
1. Health systems
Health systems standard 1.1:
Health service delivery
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Healthcare systems standard 1.2:
Healthcare workforce
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Health systems standard 1.3:
Essential medicines and medical devices
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Health systems standard 1.4:
Health financing
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Health systems standard 1.5:
Health information
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2. Essential healthcare
2.1 Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases standard 2.1.1:
Prevention
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Communicable diseases standard 2.1.2:
Surveillance, outbreak detection and early response
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Communicable diseases standard 2.1.3:
Diagnosis and case management
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Communicable diseases standard 2.1.4:
Outbreak preparedness and response
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.2 Essential healthcare – child health
Child health standard 2.2.1:
Childhood vaccine-preventable diseases
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Child health standard 2.2.2:
Management of newborn and childhood illness
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.3 Sexual and reproductive health
Sexual and reproductive health standard 2.3.1:
Reproductive, maternal and newborn healthcare
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Sexual and reproductive health standard 2.3.2:
Sexual violence and clinical management of rape
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Sexual and reproductive health standard 2.3.3:
HIV
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.4 Injury and trauma care
Injury and trauma care standard 2.4:
Injury and trauma care
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.5 Mental health
Mental health standard 2.5:
Mental health care
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.6 Non-communicable diseases
Non-communicable diseases standard 2.6:
Care of non-communicable diseases
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.7 Palliative care
Palliative care standard 2.7:
Palliative care
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Appendix 1
Health assessment checklist
Preparation
Security and access
Demographics and social structure
Background health information
Mortality rates
Morbidity ratesc
Available resources
Data from other relevant sectors
Appendix 2
Sample weekly surveillance reporting forms
2.1 Mortality surveillance form (aggregate)*
2.2 Mortality surveillance form (individual records) *
2.3 Sample early warning alert and response (EWAR) early warning reporting form
A. WEEKLY AGGREGATE DATA
B. OUTBREAK ALERT
2.4 Sample routine health management information system (HMIS)
surveillance reporting form
Appendix 3
Formulas for calculating key health indicators
Crude mortality rate (CMR)
Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR)
Incidence rate
Case fatality rate (CFR)
Health facility utilisation rate
Number of consultations per clinician per day
Appendix 4
Poisoning
Initial management
Treatment protocols
Symptoms of exposure to toxic chemicals and possible treatment
References and further reading
Further reading
Annexes
Contents
Annex 1
Legal Foundation to Sphere
1. International instruments on human rights, protection and vulnerability
1.1 Treaties and customary law on human rights, protection and vulnerability
1.1.1 Universal human rights
1.1.2 Genocide, torture and other criminal abuse of rights
1.2 United Nations and other formally adopted intergovernmental principles and guidelines on human rights, protection and vulnerability
2. International instruments on armed conflict, international humanitarian law and humanitarian assistance
2.1 Treaties and customary law on armed conflict, international humanitarian law and humanitarian assistance
2.1.1 Core IHL treaties
2.1.2 Treaties on restricted weapons, landmines and cultural property
2.1.3 Customary IHL
2.2 UN and other formally adopted intergovernmental principles and guidelines on armed conflict, IHL and humanitarian assistance
3. International instruments on refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs)
3.1 Treaties on refugees and IDPs
3.2 UN and other formally adopted intergovernmental principles and guidelines on refugees and IDPs
4. International instruments on disasters and humanitarian assistance
4.1 Treaties on disasters and humanitarian assistance
4.2 UN and other formally adopted intergovernmental principles and guidelines on disasters and humanitarian assistance
5. Humanitarian policy frameworks, guidelines and principles on human rights, protection and vulnerability in emergency preparedness and response
1. Sphere companion standards
2. Other codes, guidance and manuals by theme
2.1 General protection and quality standards in humanitarian response
2.2 Gender equality and protection from gender-based violence (GBV)
2.3 Children in emergencies
2.4 Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs)
Annex 2
The Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Disaster Relief
Purpose
Definitions
The Code of Conduct
Principles of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Response Programmes
The working environment
Annex I: Recommendations to the governments of disaster affected countries
Annex II: Recommendations to donor governments
Annex III: Recommendations to inter-governmental organisations
Annex 3
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Index
Newsletter
Comments
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The Sphere Handbook
What is Sphere?
Contents
What is Sphere?
1. The Handbook
Four foundation chapters and four technical chapters
The Minimum Standards promote a consistent approach
The structure of the standards
Working with the key indicators
Links with other standards
2. Using the standards in context
The standards apply throughout the programme cycle
Assessment and analysis
Strategy development and programme design
Implementation
Monitoring, evaluation, accountability and learning
Understanding vulnerabilities
and capacities
Data disaggregation
Children
Older people
Gender
Gender-based violence
Persons with disabilities
People living with and affected by HIV
LGBTQI people
Mental health and psychosocial support
Understanding the operational setting
Supporting national and local actors
Protracted crises
Urban settings
Communal settlements
Settings with domestic or international military forces
Environmental impact in humanitarian response
Appendix
Delivering assistance through markets
Market analysis as part of response analysis
Programming and markets
Checklists
Checklist for cash-based assistance
Programme design
Implementation
Monitoring, evaluation and learning
Checklist for supply chain management and logistics
Programme design
Implementation
Monitoring, evaluation and learning
References and further reading
The Humanitarian Charter
The Humanitarian Charter
Our beliefs
Our role
Common principles, rights and duties
Our commitment
Protection Principles
Contents
Protection Principles
Putting the Principles into practice
Protection activities
Protection Principle 1:
Enhance people’s safety, dignity and rights and avoid exposing them to further harm
This Principle includes:
Guidance notes
Protection Principle 2:
Ensure people’s access to impartial assistance, according to need and without discrimination
This Principle includes:
Guidance notes
Protection Principle 3:
Assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation
This Principle includes:
Guidance notes
Protection Principle 4:
Help people to claim their rights
This Principle includes:
Guidance notes
Appendix
Summary of Professional Standards for Protection Work
References and further reading
Further reading
Core Humanitarian Standard
Contents
One core standard with nine commitments
A unique structure
Commitment 1
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 2
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 3
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 4
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 5
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 6
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 7
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 8
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Commitment 9
Performance indicators
Key actions
Organisational responsibilities
Guidance notes
Appendix
Guiding questions for monitoring
key actions and organisational responsibilities
Commitment 1 Communities and people affected by crisis receive assistance appropriate to their needs.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 2 Communities and people affected by crisis have access to the humanitarian assistance they need at the right time.
Guiding questions for monitoring Key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 3 Communities and people affected by crisis are not negatively affected and are more prepared, resilient and less at-risk as a result of humanitarian action.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 4 Communities and people affected by crisis know their rights and entitlements, have access to information and participate in decisions that affect them.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 5 Communities and people affected by crisis have access to safe and responsive mechanisms to handle complaints.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 6 Communities and people affected by crisis receive coordinated, complementary assistance.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 7 Communities and people affected by crisis can expect delivery of improved assistance as organisations learn from experience and reflection.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 8 Communities and people affected by crisis receive the assistance they require from competent and well-managed staff and volunteers.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
Commitment 9 Communities and people affected by crisis can expect that the organisations assisting them are managing resources effectively, efficiently and ethically.
Guiding questions for monitoring key actions
Guiding questions for monitoring organisational responsibilities
References and further reading
Further reading
Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion
Contents
Essential concepts in water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion
Everyone has the right to water and sanitation
Community engagement is crucial
WASH requires particular considerations in urban areas
A combination of approaches is needed
These Minimum Standards should not be applied in isolation
International law specifically protects the right to water and sanitation
Links to the Protection Principles and the Core Humanitarian Standard
1. Hygiene promotion
Hygiene promotion standard 1.1:
Hygiene promotion
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Hygiene promotion standard 1.2:
Identification, access to and use of hygiene items
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Hygiene promotion standard 1.3:
Menstrual hygiene management and incontinence
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2. Water supply
Water supply standard 2.1:
Access and water quantity
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Water supply standard 2.2:
Water quality
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
3. Excreta management
Excreta management standard 3.1:
Environment free from human excreta
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Excreta management standard 3.2:
Access to and use of toilets
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Excreta management standard 3.3:
Management and maintenance of excreta collection, transport, disposal and treatment
Key actions
Key indicator
Guidance notes
4. Vector control
Vector control standard 4.1:
Vector control at settlement level
Key actions
Key indicator
Guidance notes
Vector control standard 4.2:
Household and personal actions to control vectors
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
5. Solid waste management
Solid waste management standard 5.1:
Environment free from solid waste
Key actions
Key indicator
Guidance notes
Solid waste management standard 5.2:
Household and personal actions to safely manage solid waste
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance note
Solid waste management standard 5.3:
Solid waste management systems at community level
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
6. WASH in disease outbreaks and healthcare settings
Community-based outbreak response
Standard 6:
WASH in healthcare settings
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Appendix 1
Water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion initial needs assessment checklist
Appendix 2
The F diagram: faecal–oral transmission of diarrhoeal diseases
Appendix 3
Minimum water quantities: survival figures and quantifying water needs
Appendix 4
Minimum numbers of toilets: community, public places and institutions
Appendix 5
Water- and sanitation-related diseases
1. Environmental classification of water-related infections
2. Environmental classification of excreta-related infections
Appendix 6
Household water treatment and storage decision tree
References and further reading
Further reading
Food Security and Nutrition
Contents
Essential concepts in food security and nutrition
Everyone has the right to be free from hunger and to have adequate food
The causes of undernutrition are complex
Working in urban areas brings specific challenges
Some groups are particularly vulnerable to undernutrition
These Minimum Standards should not be applied in isolation
International law specifically protects the right to adequate food
Links to the Protection Principles and Core Humanitarian Standard
1. Food security and nutrition assessments
Food security and nutrition assessments standard 1.1:
Food security assessment
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Food security and nutrition assessments standard 1.2:
Nutrition assessment
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2. Management of malnutrition
Management of malnutrition standard 2.1:
Moderate acute malnutrition
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Management of malnutrition standard 2.2:
Severe acute malnutrition
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
3. Micronutrient deficiencies
Micronutrient deficiencies standard 3:
Micronutrient deficiencies
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
4. Infant and young child feeding
Infant and young child feeding standard 4.1:
Policy guidance and coordination
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Infant and young child feeding standard 4.2:
Multi-sectoral support to infant and young child feeding in emergencies
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
5. Food security
Food security standard 5:
General food security
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
6. Food assistance
Food assistance standard 6.1:
General nutrition requirements
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Food assistance standard 6.2:
Food quality, appropriateness and acceptability
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Food assistance standard 6.3:
Targeting, distribution and delivery
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Food assistance standard 6.4:
Food use
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
7. Livelihoods
Livelihoods standard 7.1:
Primary production
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Livelihoods standard 7.2:
Income and employment
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Appendix 1
Food security and livelihoods assessment checklist
Food security of livelihood groups
Food security before the crisis (baseline)
Food security during crises
Appendix 2
Seed security assessment checklist
Seed security before the crisis (baseline)
Seed security after a crisis
Assessing seed supply and demand: home stocks
Assessing seed supply and demand: local markets
Assessing seed supply and demand: formal sector
Appendix 3
Nutrition assessment checklist
Pre-emergency situation
The current risk of undernutrition
Appendix 4
Measuring acute malnutrition
Infants under six months
Children aged 6–59 months
Children aged 5–19 years
Adults (20–59 years)
Older people
Persons with disabilities
Appendix 5
Measures of the public health significance of micronutrient deficiencies
Appendix 6
Nutritional requirements
References and further reading
Further Reading
Shelter and Settlement
Contents
Essential concepts in shelter and settlement
Everyone has the right to adequate housing
Shelter and settlement responses aim to provide a safe living environment
Shelter and settlement responses in urban settings require specific expertise
Various post-crisis settlement scenarios need to be considered
These Minimum Standards should not be applied in isolation
International law specifically protects the right to adequate shelter
Links to the Protection Principles and Core Humanitarian Standard
1. Planning
Shelter and settlement standard 1:
Planning
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2. Location and settlement planning
Shelter and settlement standard 2:
Location and settlement planning
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
3. Living space
Shelter and settlement standard 3:
Living space
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
4. Household items
Shelter and settlement standard 4:
Household items
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
5. Technical assistance
Shelter and settlement standard 5:
Technical assistance
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
6. Security of tenure
Shelter and settlement standard 6:
Security of tenure
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
7. Environmental sustainability
Shelter and settlement standard 7:
Environmental sustainability
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Appendix 1
Shelter and settlement assessment checklist
Assessment and coordination
Demographics
Risks
Resources and constraints
Materials, design and construction
Household and livelihood activities
Essential services and communal facilities
Host population and environmental impact
Household item needs
Clothing and bedding
Cooking and eating, stoves and fuel
Tools and equipment
Appendix 2
Description of settlement scenarios
Appendix 3
Additional characteristics of settlement scenarios
Appendix 4
Assistance options
Appendix 5
Implementation options
Appendix 6
Potential assistance and implementation options connected to settlement scenarios
References and further reading
Further reading
Health
Contents
Essential concepts in health
Everyone has the right to timely and appropriate healthcare
The aim of healthcare in a crisis is to reduce excess morbidity and mortality
Support and develop existing health systems
Urban crises require a different approach to health responses
These Minimum Standards should not be applied in isolation
International law specifically protects the right to healthcare
Links to the Protection Principles and Core Humanitarian Standard
Special considerations to protect healthcare
1. Health systems
Health systems standard 1.1:
Health service delivery
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Healthcare systems standard 1.2:
Healthcare workforce
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Health systems standard 1.3:
Essential medicines and medical devices
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Health systems standard 1.4:
Health financing
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Health systems standard 1.5:
Health information
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2. Essential healthcare
2.1 Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases standard 2.1.1:
Prevention
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Communicable diseases standard 2.1.2:
Surveillance, outbreak detection and early response
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Communicable diseases standard 2.1.3:
Diagnosis and case management
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Communicable diseases standard 2.1.4:
Outbreak preparedness and response
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.2 Essential healthcare – child health
Child health standard 2.2.1:
Childhood vaccine-preventable diseases
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Child health standard 2.2.2:
Management of newborn and childhood illness
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.3 Sexual and reproductive health
Sexual and reproductive health standard 2.3.1:
Reproductive, maternal and newborn healthcare
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Sexual and reproductive health standard 2.3.2:
Sexual violence and clinical management of rape
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Sexual and reproductive health standard 2.3.3:
HIV
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.4 Injury and trauma care
Injury and trauma care standard 2.4:
Injury and trauma care
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.5 Mental health
Mental health standard 2.5:
Mental health care
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.6 Non-communicable diseases
Non-communicable diseases standard 2.6:
Care of non-communicable diseases
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
2.7 Palliative care
Palliative care standard 2.7:
Palliative care
Key actions
Key indicators
Guidance notes
Appendix 1
Health assessment checklist
Preparation
Security and access
Demographics and social structure
Background health information
Mortality rates
Morbidity ratesc
Available resources
Data from other relevant sectors
Appendix 2
Sample weekly surveillance reporting forms
2.1 Mortality surveillance form (aggregate)*
2.2 Mortality surveillance form (individual records) *
2.3 Sample early warning alert and response (EWAR) early warning reporting form
A. WEEKLY AGGREGATE DATA
B. OUTBREAK ALERT
2.4 Sample routine health management information system (HMIS)
surveillance reporting form
Appendix 3
Formulas for calculating key health indicators
Crude mortality rate (CMR)
Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR)
Incidence rate
Case fatality rate (CFR)
Health facility utilisation rate
Number of consultations per clinician per day
Appendix 4
Poisoning
Initial management
Treatment protocols
Symptoms of exposure to toxic chemicals and possible treatment
References and further reading
Further reading
Annexes
Contents
Annex 1
Legal Foundation to Sphere
1. International instruments on human rights, protection and vulnerability
1.1 Treaties and customary law on human rights, protection and vulnerability
1.1.1 Universal human rights
1.1.2 Genocide, torture and other criminal abuse of rights
1.2 United Nations and other formally adopted intergovernmental principles and guidelines on human rights, protection and vulnerability
2. International instruments on armed conflict, international humanitarian law and humanitarian assistance
2.1 Treaties and customary law on armed conflict, international humanitarian law and humanitarian assistance
2.1.1 Core IHL treaties
2.1.2 Treaties on restricted weapons, landmines and cultural property
2.1.3 Customary IHL
2.2 UN and other formally adopted intergovernmental principles and guidelines on armed conflict, IHL and humanitarian assistance
3. International instruments on refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs)
3.1 Treaties on refugees and IDPs
3.2 UN and other formally adopted intergovernmental principles and guidelines on refugees and IDPs
4. International instruments on disasters and humanitarian assistance
4.1 Treaties on disasters and humanitarian assistance
4.2 UN and other formally adopted intergovernmental principles and guidelines on disasters and humanitarian assistance
5. Humanitarian policy frameworks, guidelines and principles on human rights, protection and vulnerability in emergency preparedness and response
1. Sphere companion standards
2. Other codes, guidance and manuals by theme
2.1 General protection and quality standards in humanitarian response
2.2 Gender equality and protection from gender-based violence (GBV)
2.3 Children in emergencies
2.4 Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs)
Annex 2
The Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Disaster Relief
Purpose
Definitions
The Code of Conduct
Principles of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Response Programmes
The working environment
Annex I: Recommendations to the governments of disaster affected countries
Annex II: Recommendations to donor governments
Annex III: Recommendations to inter-governmental organisations
Annex 3
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Index